![]() The client and server exchange information to establish a dialog and to define the payload transport requirements and their repetition rates or event triggers. GATT defines clients ("devices that want data") and the servers ("devices that have data"). The GATT profiles describe use cases and the GATT services are characteristics (data, descriptions, possible actions, etc.) that define the capabilities of a Bluetooth LE device. In Bluetooth LE, the Generic Attribute (GATT) profiles define a hierarchical data structure used to exchange configuration data between Bluetooth LE devices. For instance, Personal Area Networking (PAN) allows two or more devices to form an ad hoc network, and the Serial Port Profile (SPP) replaces a serial communication interface. Two Bluetooth Classic enabled devices need to have the same profile implemented in order to connect. In the example above, the heart rate sensor acts as a peripheral/slave while the smartphone acts as central/master.Ī profile is a specification describing a specific use case and is used to achieve interoperability between devices supporting the same profile. Once the connection is established, the devices form a master and slave topology similar to Bluetooth Classic. In Bluetooth LE, devices have peripheral and central roles. The heart rate sensor, however, only uses Bluetooth LE, and is thus an example of a single mode Bluetooth LE device. This is, for instance, the case for smartphones, which can connect to a laptop via Bluetooth Classic and to a heart rate sensor via Bluetooth LE. This makes it particularly useful for sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) applications.ĭual-mode Bluetooth devices support both Bluetooth LE and Bluetooth Classic. It uses a much faster connection mechanism than Bluetooth Classic, which means that the radio can be on for very short periods of time. Bluetooth LE technology, on the other hand, is ideal for applications that periodically transfer small amounts of data where ultra-low power consumption is the focus. Bluetooth Classic is intended for audio connections and streaming applications. While the core name is the same, there are fundamental differences between Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth LE. ![]() There are hundreds of applications for smartphones and custom hand held controllers that are used to manage or monitor other systems with embedded Bluetooth, as well as to share media, files, and information among users. Indeed, Bluetooth has become the standard for wireless connectivity between mobile devices, and is available in all smart phones and tablets. ![]() Unprecedented ecosystemīluetooth enabled device shipments reach more than five billion per year. As a result, Bluetooth is particularly suitable for industrial, automotive, and medical applications, where the robustness it provides is crucial. Available for Bluetooth 5 long range and some Bluetooth Classic packet types, forward error correction (FEC) allows receivers to correct limited bit errors introduced in harsh environments. Automatic power control reduces the output power to levels required to keep connections and at the same time not interfere with other nearby 2.4 GHz radios (including other Bluetooth connections). Robustnessīluetooth dynamically adapts its frequency hopping sequence – using adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) – to avoid channels potentially in use by other technologies. ![]() Robust connectivity in a globally deployed ecosystemīluetooth wireless technology is currently available in two variants: Classic, also known as BR/EDR (basic rate/enhanced data rate), for audio and streaming applications, and Bluetooth low energy (LE) for intermittent transmission of data, typically in battery operated sensor devices. ![]()
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